lost it.
我刚才还见到了他的书,所以他不可能弄丢了这本书。
You failed the exam again.So you should/ought to haveprepared for it.
你考试又失败了,所以你本来是应该为此做好准备的。
thereare many mistakes in your article,So you shouldn’t/oughtn’t have been So careless.
你的文章中有许多错误,所以你本来是不应该这么粗心的。
the exam tum ed out to be So easy,so you aveworried about it.
这次考试结果证明这么容易,所以你本来是没有必要为此而担心的。
五、倒装句型考点
1.完全倒装句型考点
地点状语置于句首时需要使用完全倒装句型,将动词直接提前。
例句:At the back of our school stands a high tower.
我们学校后面矗立着一座高塔。
So(肯定句中表示“也”),her,IoF(否定旬中表示“也”),80.that. (引导结果状语从句)j only(不修饰主句),no[only.but also. (不连接主语,连接两个分旬时第一个分旬倒装,第二个分句不倒装),not until,Never,hardly,little,hardly.when., So So01qe/\"than,not a,nowhere,in no ease等词或短语置于句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。
例句:only then did we realize the harm of pollution.
只有在那时我们才意识到污染的危害。
Not until early the m did we know the truth ofthe matter.
直到第二天一大早我们才知道了事情的真相。
Not only does she work hard but also she is very ho.
她不但工作很认真,而且人也很诚实。
2.as引导的特殊倒装句型
as引导让步状语从句时可将表语、动词、副词提前,将as紧随其后。如果表语为单数可数名词,提前时应去掉不定冠词。
例句:weak as she was,she still went on w.
尽管她身体虚弱,仍继续工作。
child as he is,he has riowledge. 尽管他还是一个小孩,却有丰富的知识。
六、虚拟语气考点
1.与过去事实相反的if虚拟条件状语从句与过去事实相反时,从句动词用had done,主句动词用would,could,should,might have done,当从句动词含有were,had,could,should时可将其提至句首将if省略。
例句:had I known it at that time,I would have told you.
如果那时我知道这件事一定告诉了你。
2.混合虚拟条件从句
如果if虚拟条件状语主从句时态不一致,应根据各自所体现的时间关系加以适当的调整,采用不同的动词形式。
例句:If she had told me her telephone number yesterday,Icould phone her now.
如果她昨天把她的电话号码告诉了我,我现在就可以给她打电话了。
3.with.without.but for引导的含蓄虚拟条件从句with,without,but for可取代if引导含蓄虚拟条件从句。
例句:with your help,I could have made more achievements.
如果得到你的帮助,我一定会取得更多成就。
without your support. I couldn’t have acplished mytask So smoothly.
没有你的支持我不可能如此顺利地完成任务。
but for the information.I couldn’t have made such agood plan.
要不是这个信息我不可能制定这么好的计划。
4.wish引导的表示过去主观愿望的宾语从句
wish引导宾语从句时如果表示过去的主观愿望,从句动词应用had done或could have done。
例句:I wish I had /could have watched that basketball matchyesterdayafternoon.
我希望我昨天下午看了那场篮球赛。
5.insist,suggest引导的宾语从句
insist,suggest接宾语从若表示建议应用虚拟语气,动词形式为(should)do,但如果insist表示 坚持认为,固执己见 ,suggest表示。表明、暗示 ,所在宾语从句应用陈述语气。
例句:thedoctor insisted that the patient was seriously ill and(should)be 0dcrated 0n at once. 医生坚持认为病人病得很严重,建议其立即做手术。
the dark cloud in the sky suggests that it is going torain,So I suggest that you (should)get in all the crops.
天上的黑云表明天要下雨了,所以我建议你把所有的庄稼收上来。
七、不定式考点
1.不定式做目的状语
不定式可做目的状语,如果对其强调可将其提至句首,此时应注意人称一致。
为了及时赶到那里,她将自行车骑得很快。
误:t0 get there in time.her bike waS ridden fast.
正:to get there in time.she rode her bike fast.
2.不定式做结果状语
不定式可做结果状语,强调出乎意料的动作,此时前面可加onlyo
例句:I went to see her to find her absent.
我去看她结果发现她不在家。
She hurried to the station to be told the train had left.
她匆忙赶往火车站,结果被告知火车已经开走。
3.不定式的复杂形式
不定式除有一般式外,还有否定式not to do,进行式to bedoing、完成式to have done、被动式to be done、完成被动式tohave beendone等复杂形式。
例句;All the employees worked hard not to be fired.
为了不被解雇,所有的员工努力工作。mary is said to have e back from abroad. 据说玛丽已经从国外回来。
this book is reported to have been translated into manyfn languages.
据说这本书已经被译成多国文字。
I’m sure she is sure to be impatiently waiting for US.
我相信她一定在不耐烦地等待我们。
Nobody likes to be scolded in public.
没有人喜欢在公共场合受到别人的责备。
4.不定式独立主格结构
with+名词+不定式可构成独立主格结构做状语,表示未来的动作。
例句:witha lot of work to do,I ’t help you at present.
因为有许多工作要做,我现在不能帮助你。
八、V—ing形式考点
1.V—ing形式做宾语
excuse. f0r. ,’t help,suggest,include,insist on,keep on, sider, finish, practice, put off, postpone, delay,miss,avoid,give up,imagine,feel like,enjoy,risk,mind,appreciate,stand,escape等词后面只能接V—ing形式做宾语。remember 得曾做某事),fet(忘了曾做某事),mean(意谓着),try(尝试),regret (后悔),go on (继续做同一件事),stop(停止做某事),need(主语需要被..)等词表示括号内的含义时也应接v—ing形式做宾语。
例句:the hare was lucky enough to have avoided being caught.
这只野兔很幸运,错过了被捉住。
She hardly stand being treated So unfairly.她几乎忍受不了被如此不公平地对待。
— —Sorry.I took ylish—ese diary bymistake.
— — — — by mistake? I think you meant to do So.
— — 对不起,我拿错了你的英汉字典。
— — 拿错了 我认为你是有意这么做的。
2.V—ing形式做定语
V—ing形式做定语可表示被修饰名词的的用途和性质,也可表示正在进行的动作。
例句:the great noise es from the building being built now.
这巨大的噪音来自正在被建的楼房。
3.V—ing形式做状语
V—ing形式做状语常表示动作正在进行,此时应注意它的逻辑主语为主句主语。
例句:holding a book in his hand,he came into the room.
他手里拿着一本书走进了房间。
读这本书时,这女孩热泪盈眶。
误:Reading this book,tears came to the girl’s eyes.
误:Reading this book.the girl’s eyes were full of tears.
正:Reading this book.the girl bumt into tears.
4. V—ing形式做宾语补足语
V—ing形式做宾语补足语也表示动作正在进行。
例句:whenI came to the five~ide.I f0und girl struggling ier.
来到河边时我看见一个女孩在水中挣扎。
5. V—ing形式独立主格结构
with+名词+V—ing形式可构成独立主格结构做状语,表示正在进行的动作。
例句:with the water still rising,the villages couldn’t return totheir village.
因为水位还在上涨,村民们无法回到村里。
6.V—ing形式复杂形式
V—ing形式除有一般式外还有完成式having done,被动式being done,完成被动式having been done,否定式not doing,完成否定式not having done,完成被动式的否定式not havingbeen done。
例句:havingsaid goodbye to each other, the childrehome.
彼此说了再见之后,孩子们回家了。
wheered their office,I found the meeting beingheld.
当我进入他们的办公室时,我发现这次会议正在被举行。
having been put on many times,the film became verypopular.
被放映多次之后,这场电影变得非常走俏。
Not having beeed a model teacher, the youngwoma very disappointed.
没有被选为模范教师,这个年轻女子感到非常失望。
九、过去分词考点猜想
1.过去分词做状语
过去分词做状语常表示被动的动作,也可因来自系表结构而表示主动的动作。
例句:caught in a heavy rain,the girl was all wet.
因为被浇了一场大雨,这女孩浑身湿透了。
dressed in a newly bought skirt,the young woman lookedmore charming.
因为穿着一条新买的裙子,这个年轻女子看起来更妩媚了。
2.过去分词独立主格结构
with+名词+过去分词可构成独立主格结构做状语,表示被动的动作。
例句:with his homework fihe boy went out to getrelaxed.
因为家庭作业完成了,这个男孩出去放松了一下。
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